This might vary depending on the team size, you have to implement  the process  yourself. software  will grow with small features and for quality assurance it goes through different test  cycles. Developement team will implement a set of test cases in the format of test plan and will run the test suite  on the feature. Once dev is happy with the functionality test the software will be handed over to test depts. They will have the same story with different view points such as performance and capacity testing, integration testing  and functionality testing. If any problems found during either of the phases it will be reviewed and reported to dev or other depts - depending on the nature of the problem. This cycle will be repeated per feature. the internals of this depends on yourself as how you develop this. what tools you use or what tracking  system is good, is up to yourself and is not that important, all that matters is how well you capture all possible tests to run.