#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>

int search ( char *, char ) ;
int isequals ( char *, char * ) ;
int issmaller ( char *, char * ) ;
int isgreater ( char *, char * ) ;
char * getsub ( char *, int, int ) ;
char * leftsub ( char *, int n ) ;
char * rightsub ( char *, int n ) ;
void upper ( char * ) ;
void lower ( char * ) ;
void reverse ( char * ) ;
int replace ( char *, char, char ) ;
int setat ( char *, char, int ) ;

void main( )
{
    char s1[ ] = "Hello" ;
    char s2[ ] = "Hello World" ;
    char s3[ ] = "Four hundred thirty two" ;
    char ch, *s ;
    int i ;

    clrscr( ) ;

    printf ( "\nString s1: %s", s1 ) ;

    /* check for the first occurrence of a character */

    printf ( "\nEnter character to search: " ) ;
    scanf ( "%c", &ch ) ;
    i = search ( s1, ch ) ;
    if ( i != -1 )
        printf ( "The first occurrence of character %c is found at index no.
                            %d\n", ch, i ) ;
    else
        printf ( "Character %c is not present in the list.\n", ch ) ;

    printf ( "\nString s2: %s", s2 ) ;

    /* compares two strings s1 and s2 */

    i = isequals ( s1, s2 ) ;
    if ( i == 1 )
        printf ( "\nStrings s1 and s2 are identical" ) ;
    else
        printf ( "\nStrings s1 and s2 are not identical") ;
    i = issmaller ( s1, s2 ) ;
    if ( i == 1 )
        printf ( "\nString s1 is smaller than string s2" ) ;
    else
        printf ( "\nString s1 is not smaller than string s2" ) ;

    i = isgreater ( s1, s2 ) ;
    if ( i == 1 )
        printf ( "\nString s1 is greater than string s2\n" ) ;
    else
        printf ( "\nString s1 is not greater than string s2\n" ) ;

    /* extract characters at given position */

    printf ( "\nString s3: %s", s3 ) ;
    s = getsub ( s3, 5, 7 ) ;
    printf ( "\nSub string: %s", s ) ;
    free ( s ) ;

    /* extract leftmost n characters */

    s = leftsub ( s3, 4 ) ;
    printf ( "\nLeft sub string: %s", s ) ;
    free ( s ) ;

    /* extract rightmost n characters */

    s = rightsub ( s3, 3 ) ;
    printf ( "\nRight sub string: %s", s ) ;
    free ( s ) ;

    /*  convert string to uppercase */

    upper ( s3 ) ;
    printf ( "\nString in upper case: %s", s3 ) ;

    /* convert string to lowercase */

    lower ( s3 ) ;
    printf ( "\nString in lower case: %s", s3 ) ;

    /* reverse the given string */

    reverse ( s3 ) ;
    printf ( "\nReversed string: %s", s3 ) ;

    /* replace first occurrence of one char with new one */

    replace ( s1, 'H' , 'M' ) ;
    printf ( "\nString s1: %s", s1 ) ;

    /* sets a char at a given position */

    i = setat ( s1, 'M', 3 ) ;
    if ( i )
        printf ( "\nString s1: %s", s1 ) ;
    else
        printf ( "\nInvalid position." ) ;

    getch( ) ;
}

/* check for the first occurrence of a character */
int search ( char *str, char ch )
{
    int i = 0 ;

    while ( *str )
    {
        if ( *str == ch )
            return i ;
        str++ ;
        i++ ;
    }
    return -1 ;
}

/* checks whether two strings are equal */
int isequals ( char *s, char *t )
{
    while ( *s || *t )
    {
        if ( *s != *t )
            return 0 ;
        s++ ;
        t++ ;
    }
    return 1 ;
}

/* checks whether first string is less than second */
int issmaller ( char *s, char *t )
{
    while ( *t )
    {
        if ( *s != *t )
        {
            if ( *s < *t )
                return 1 ;
            elsereturn 0 ;
        }
        t++ ;
        s++ ;
    }
    return 0 ;
}

/* checks whether first string is greater than second */
int isgreater ( char *s, char *t )
{
    while ( *s )
    {
        if ( *s != *t )
        {
            if ( *s > *t )
                return 1 ;
            elsereturn 0 ;
        }
        s++ ;
        t++ ;
    }
    return 0 ;
}

/* extracts the character at given position */
char * getsub ( char *str, int spos, int n )
{
    char *s = str + spos ;
    char *t = ( char * ) malloc ( n + 1 ) ;
    int i = 0 ;

    while ( i < n )
    {
        t[i] = *s ;
        s++ ;
        i++ ;
    }
    t[i] = '\0' ;

    return t ;
}

/* extracts leftmost n characters from the string */
char * leftsub ( char *s, int n )
{
    char *t = ( char * ) malloc ( n + 1 ) ;
    int i = 0 ;

    while ( i < n )
    {
        t[i] = *s ;
        s++ ;
        i++ ;
    }
    t[i] = '\0' ;

    return t ;
}
/* extracts rightmost n characters from the string */
char * rightsub ( char *str, int n )
{
    char *t = ( char * ) malloc ( n + 1 ) ;
    int l = strlen ( str ) ;
    char *s = str + ( l - n ) ;
    int i = 0 ;

    while ( i < n )
    {
        t[i] = *s ;
        s++ ;
        i++ ;
    }
    t[i] = '\0' ;

    return t ;
}

/* converts string to uppercase */
void upper ( char *s )
{
    while ( *s )
    {
        if ( *s >= 97 && *s <= 123 )
            *s -= 32 ;
        s++ ;
    }
}

/* converts string to lowercase */
void lower ( char *s )
{
    while ( *s )
    {
        if ( *s >= 65 && *s <= 91 )
            *s += 32 ;
        s++ ;
    }
}

/* reverses a string */
void reverse ( char *str )
{
    int l = strlen ( str ) ;
    char ch, *t = ( str + l - 1 ) ;
    int i = 0 ;

    while ( i < l / 2 )
    {
        ch = *str ;
        *str = *t ;
        *t = ch ;

        str++ ;
        t-- ;
        i++ ;
    }
}

/* replaces the first occurrence of char with new char */
int replace ( char *str, char oldch, char newch )
{
    while ( *str )
    {
        if ( *str == oldch )
        {
            *str = newch ;
            return 1 ;
        }
        str++ ;
    }
    return 0 ;
}

/* sets a char at a given position */
int setat ( char *str, char ch, int i )
{
    if ( i < 0 || strlen ( str ) < i )
        return 0 ;
    * ( str + i ) = ch ;
    return 1 ;
}