#include<iostream.h>    //for cin, cout 
#include<conio.h>       //for getche() 
#include<ctype.h>       //for tolower() function 
#include<stdlib.h>      //for itoa() 
#include<GRAPHICS.H>    //to  load graphics driver 
#include<dos.h>         //for delay() function /*_________________________________________________________________________*//*_________________________________________________________________________*///These Functions prototypes are, for stack function. int col=60 , row = 417 ,n ,x=60 , y=417  ,size=10 ,arr[10]={12,56,23,46,32,89,11,99,12,66} , count =   0, top = 0;        //Global Variables charstring[45]; 
void push( ); 
void pop( ); 
void stack(); 
/*_________________________________________________________________________*//*_________________________________________________________________________*///These Functions prototypes are, for queue Function int qcol=60 , qrow = 417 ,qn=10, qx=60 , qy=417  ,qsize=10,qarr[20]={12,56,23,46,32,89,11,99,12,66,4,2,1,0,94,56,22,87,45,47} , countp=0 ,counto =   0;        //Global Variables int front = -1 , rear = -1 , hito=0 , hitu=0; 
char qstring[45]; 
void qpush( );                                 //Prototypes void qpop( ); 
void queue(); 

void loadgraph(); 

void main() 
{ 
clrscr(); 
char ch; 
loadgraph(); 
setbkcolor(0); 
setcolor(2); 

//This do while; loop will execute untill character 'x' is not Entered do 
{ 
 gotoxy(37,5); 
 cout<<"Menu"; 
 gotoxy(30,6); 
 cout<<"Stack               [s]"; 
 gotoxy(30,7); 
 cout<<"Queue               [Q]"; 
 gotoxy(30,8); 
 cout<<"Exit                [x]"; 
 gotoxy(25,9); 
 cout<<"\t\t\t\t"; 
 gotoxy(30,10); 
 cout<<"Enter Option        [ ]\b\b"; 
 ch=getche(); 
 //Converts, Entered char into lower one 
 ch = tolower(ch); 
 gotoxy(30,15); 
 if(ch=='s') 
 // call to stack function 
 stack(); 
 elseif(ch=='q') 
 //call to queue function 
 queue(); 
 cleardevice(); 

}while(ch!='x'); 
 cleardevice(); 
 closegraph(); 
} 
/////////////////////////////////END OF MAIN FUNCTION/////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //This function loads , graph driver and mode void loadgraph() 
{ 
  clrscr(); 
  int driver = DETECT, mode, errorcode; 
  initgraph(&driver, &mode, "c:\\tc\\bgi"); 
  errorcode = graphresult(); 
  if (errorcode != grOk) 
     { 
    cout<<"Graphics error: \n"<<(grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 
    cout<<"Press any key to halt:"; 
    getch(); 
    exit(1); 
    } 
} 
////////////////////////////END OF LOAD GRAPH FUNCTION //////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void stack() 
{ 
  cleardevice(); 
  /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
    outtextxy(400,465,"Babar saeed"); 
    outtextxy(500,465,"32"); 
    outtextxy(545,465,"QAU, ISB"); 
  /*-------------------------------------------------------------*///Displays stacks Menu 
  moveto(400,60); 
  outtext("STACK'S OPERATIONS"); 
  moveto(400,80); 
  outtext("PUSH           [p]"); 
  moveto(400,100); 
  outtext("POP            [o]"); 
  moveto(400,120); 
  outtext("EXIT           [x]"); 
  //End of stack Menu /*-----------------------------------------------------------------*//*-----------------------------------------------------------------*/// displays value of top in start of program 
  moveto(300,425); 
  outtext("Top"); 
  itoa(top,string,10); 
  outtextxy(308,450,string); 
  /*-----------------------------------------------------------------*///Dislplays stack figure 
  setbkcolor(0); 
  setcolor(14); 
  outtextxy(55,26,"STACK"); 
  line(30,40,30,440); 
  int r=40; 
  for(int i = 1 ;i<12 ;i++) 
   { 
     line(30,r,110,r); 
     r+=40; 
   } 
  line(110,40,110,440); 
  r = 55; 
  // This loop Displays stack's boxes Number for( i = 10 ;i>=1 ;i--) 
   { 
     moveto(10,r); 
     itoa(i,string,10); 
     outtext(string)  ; 
     r+=40; 
   } 
   //These four statements makes a box 
   line(165,440,210,440); 
   line(165,440,165,460); 
   line(210,440,210,460); 
   line(165,460,210,460); 
   setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
   // This do while loop , reads coorect option (push, pop, Exit) // And Makes calls to push, pop functions char ch[2]; 
   do 
    { 
     moveto(400,140); 
     outtext("ENTER OPTION   "); 
     ch[0]=getche(); 
     //convert entered option in lower character 
     ch[0] = tolower(ch[0]); 
     if(ch[0]=='p') 
    {  // start of outer if // displays p 
       outtext("p"); 
       // make a delay 
       delay(500); 
       // draw a bar to remove p 
       bar(getx()-30,gety(),getx()+2,gety()+20); 
       /*--------------------------------------------------------*/// if size of stack's remaining boxese less than one // than stack is overflow if(size<1) 
        { //start of nested if for(int i = 0 ;i<4 ; i++){ 
          moveto(420,170); 
          outtext("Stack Overflow "); 
          delay(1000); 
          setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
          bar(420 ,165 ,630 ,180); 
          delay(500);} 
         }//end of nested if /*--------------------------------------------------------*/// if there are stack's boxes remains (if size>1) else 
         { 
          //start of nested else part // decrease stack remaining boxes 
          size--; 
          // increase top position , where last item is Inserted 
          top++; 
          // call to push function 
          push(); 
          // bar removes last displayes value 
          bar(290,440,350,479); 
          // convert integer value to assci value /* becuse outtext/outtextxy function require string          as third argument */ 
          itoa(top,string,10); 
          outtextxy(308,447,string); 
          }//End of Nested else Part 
    }//end  of Nested if elseif(ch[0]=='o') 
    {  // start of outer if's elseif part // Displays o , and remove it after a delay 
       outtext("o"); 
       delay(500); 
       bar(getx()-30,gety(),getx()+10,gety()+20); 
       /*--------------------------------------------------------*//* if all boxes of stack are empty than display message           of overflow */if(size==10) 
         { 
          for(int i = 0 ;i<4 ; i++){ 
          moveto(410,170); 
          outtext("Stack, Underflow "); 
          delay(1000); 
          setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
          bar(330 ,165 ,630 ,180);   // (left, top)     ³ upper left corner 
          delay(500);  }                //        (right, bottom) ³ lower right corner*/ 
         } 
       /*--------------------------------------------------------*//*if there are some boxes of stack filled than call          pop function */else 
          { 
          // update top's value 
          top--; 
          pop(); 
          //display value of updated top 
          bar(290,440,350,479); 
          itoa(top,string,10); 
          outtextxy(308,447,string);} 
          } 
         /*------------------------------------------------------*/ 
}while(ch[0]!='x'); 
} 
////////////////////////////END OF STACK FUNCTION///////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // this function pushes values in stack void push() 
{ 
   int a=178 ,  b=425    ; 
   /*---------------------------------------------------------------*///displays the value that is to be pushed in stack 
   moveto(178,447); 
   itoa(arr[count],string,10); 
   outtext(string); 
   /*--------------------------------------------------------------*//*after a delay remove the value , and display the      value in box that is to pushed next */ 
   delay(10); 
   bar(170,446,208,455); 
   itoa(arr[count+1],string,10); 
   moveto(178,447); 
   outtext(string); 
   /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
   moveto(a,b); 
   /*this loop displays and moves the value untill top row position      is not found */while(gety()!=y) 
     { 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      circle(a+6,b+3,12); 
      itoa(arr[count],string,10); 
      outtext(string); 
      delay(10); 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      bar(170 ,gety()-20 ,200 ,gety()+14); 
      moveto(a,b); 
      b--; 
     } 
   setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
   circle(a+6,b+3,9); 
   outtext(string); 
   moveto(125,b); 
   /*--------------------------------------------------------------*///This loop displays the animated arrow toward top box os stack for(int j   =0 ;j<6 ; j++) 
      { 
    outtext("®"); 
    delay(100); 
    setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
    bar(getx()-3 ,gety() ,getx() ,gety()+8); 
    delay(100); 
      } 
   /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/           delay(100); 
   //Remove last displayed value 
   setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
   bar(getx()-48 ,gety() ,getx() ,gety()+8); 
   /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/           delay(100);    delay(200); 
   /*while required coloumn of top box is not found , Display      and move value to required colimn */while(getx()!=x+60) 
     { 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      circle(a+6,b+3,9); 
      itoa(arr[count],string,10); 
      outtext(string); 
      delay(10); 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      bar(getx()-20 ,gety()-10 ,getx()+70 ,gety()+20); 
      moveto(a,b); 
      a--; 
     } 
   /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/           delay(100); 
   //display the value in required box 
   moveto(60,gety()); 
   outtext(string); 
   count++; 
   // to have cursor position in top box of stack 
   y = y-40; 
} 
/////////////////////////END OF PUSH FUNCTION/////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /*this function pops/displays values from stack and moves value  untill doesn't get posiotion to Inside value's box */void pop() 
{ 
   int a=120, b ; 
   //Update row , from where next value is to be poped 
   y = y + 40   ; 
   b = y        ; 
   moveto(120,y); 
   /*-------------------------------------------------------------*//* This loop displayes the arrows towards the stack's box       from where , value is to be poped */for(int j=0 ;j<6 ; j++) 
    { 
     outtext("®"); 
     delay(100); 
     setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
     bar(getx()-3 ,gety() ,getx() ,gety()+8); 
     delay(100); 
    } 
   /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/// Remove last displayed arrow 
   delay(100); 
   setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
   bar(getx()-48 ,gety() ,getx() ,gety()+8); 
   delay(200); 
   moveto(60,gety()); 
   setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
   bar(getx()-10 ,gety()-3 ,getx()+20 ,gety()+8); 
   /*-------------------------------------------------------------*//*This loop will display the value untill poped value is not      positioned in values box column  */ 
   delay(500); 
   while(getx()!=178) 
     { 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      circle(a+6,b+3,12); 
      moveto(a,gety()); 
      itoa(arr[count-1],string,10); 
      outtext(string); 
      delay(10); 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      bar(getx()-25 ,gety()-10 ,getx()+30 ,gety()+20); 
      a++; 
     } 
   /*-------------------------------------------------------------*//*This loop will display the value untill poped value is not      positioned in values box Row */ 
   delay(500); 
   while(gety()!=430) 
     { 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      circle(a+21,b+3,7); 
      moveto(178,b); 
      itoa(arr[count-1],string,10); 
      outtext(string); 
      delay(10); 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      bar(getx()-30 ,gety()-10 ,getx()+20 ,gety()+9); 
      b++; 
     } 
   /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/// These statements displyes poped values in vlaue box 
     delay(10); 
     moveto(178,447); 
     bar(170,446,208,455); 
     count--; 
     moveto(178,447); 
     itoa(arr[count],string,10); 
     outtext(string); 
     size++; 
   /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
} 
////////////////////////////END OF POP FUNCTION//////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /* function that displays the queue figure and calls to appropiate   function */void queue() 
{ 
  /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
    cleardevice(); 
    outtextxy(400,465,"Babar saeed"); 
    outtextxy(500,465,"32"); 
    outtextxy(545,465,"QAU, ISB"); 
  /*-------------------------------------------------------------*//*This portion will create menu at specified locations*/ 
  moveto(400,60); 
  outtext("Queue'S OPERATIONS"); 
  moveto(400,80); 
  outtext("PUSH           [p]"); 
  moveto(400,100); 
  outtext("POP            [o]"); 
  moveto(400,120); 
  outtext("EXIT           [x]"); 
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
  setbkcolor(0); 
  setcolor(14); 
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------*//*this portion will create stack's figure*/ 
  outtextxy(55,26,"Queue"); 
  line(30,40,30,440); 
  int r=40; 
  for(int i = 1 ;i<12 ;i++) 
     { 
     line(30,r,110,r); 
     r+=40; 
    } 
  line(110,40,110,440); 
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------*//*---------------------------------------------------------------------*//*this loop is used, to write stacks numbers*/ 
  r = 55; 
  for( i = 9 ;i>=0 ;i--) 
   { 
     moveto(10,r); 
     itoa(i,string,10); 
     outtext(string)  ; 
     r+=40; 
   } 
  /*---------------------------------------------------------------------*//* these four lines , used to create a box*/ 
  line(165,440,210,440); 
  line(165,440,165,460); 
  line(210,440,210,460); 
  line(165,460,210,460); 
  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------*//* This do while loop , reads coorect option (push, pop, Exit)      And Makes calls to qpush, qpop functions */ 
  setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
  char ch[2]; 
  do 
   { 
    moveto(400,140); 
    outtext("ENTER OPTION   "); 
    ch[0]=getche(); 
    ch[0] = tolower(ch[0]); 
    if(ch[0]=='p') 
      {   // start of outer if /*---------------------------------------------------------------------*//*display p than after 5 seconds remove*/ 
       outtext("p"); 
       delay(500); 
       bar(getx()-30,gety(),getx()+2,gety()+20); 
       /*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/// if no value is inserted or all values have been poped then if((front==0 && rear == qn-1) || (front==rear+1) ) 
         { //start of nested if for(int i = 0 ;i<4 ; i++) 
          { 
           moveto(420,170); 
           outtext("Overflow Queue"); 
           delay(1000); 
           setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
           bar(420 ,165 ,630 ,180); 
           delay(500); 
          } 
           hito = 1 ; 
         } //end of nested if // if queue is not empty elseif(hito==0 ) 
         { //start of nested else part /*----------------------------------------------------*///update position of front and rear whenever front = -1 if(front == -1) 
         { 
          front = 0   ; 
          rear  = 0   ; 
          qrow  = 417 ; 
         } 
           /*----------------------------------------------------*//*whenever rear has value equal to queue size          rear must be equal to 0 ,to have circular queue */elseif(rear == qn-1 ) 
         { 
          rear = 0  ; 
          qrow  = 417; 
         } 
           /*----------------------------------------------------*/else 
          rear += 1; 
           /*----------------------------------------------------*/ 
           hitu = 0; 
           qsize++; 
           qpush(); 
           /*----------------------------------------------------*//* These statements displays updated values of front           and rear Positions, after each call to qpush()*/ 
           moveto(265,390); 
           bar(265,415,375,550); 
           outtextxy(270,400,"Front"); 
           outtextxy(350,400,"Rear"); 
           char fr[80]; 
           itoa(front,fr,10); 
           outtextxy(277,420,fr); 
           itoa(rear,fr,10); 
           outtextxy(357,420,fr); 
           /*----------------------------------------------------*/ 
         }//End of Nested else Part 
    }//end  of Nested if elseif(ch[0]=='o') 
    { //start of outer if's elseif part 
       outtext("o"); 
       delay(500); 
       bar(getx()-30,gety(),getx()+10,gety()+20); 
       /*--------------------------------------------------------*///if all values have been poped then diplay message if(rear==-1) 
         { 
          for(int i = 0 ;i<4 ; i++) 
          { 
          moveto(415,170); 
          outtext("UnderFlow Queue "); 
          delay(1000); 
          setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
          bar(330 ,165 ,630 ,180); 
          delay(500); 
          hitu = 1 ; 
          } 
       /*--------------------------------------------------------*/         } 
      // if queue has some values than call to pop function elseif(hitu!=1) 
     { 
      /* if front and rear have same position than to display          value in ist box of queue front and rear is updated to -1*/if(front == rear ) 
        { 
         front = -1  ; 
         rear  = -1  ; 
        } 
      /*if front has value equal to size of queue than front must         have value equal to 0 , To make a Circular list*/elseif(front == qn-1 ) 
        { 
          front =  0  ; 
          qy    = 417 ; 
        } 
      /*else simply change position of front*/else 
          front+=1; 
      /*--------------------------------------------------------*//*These statements displays , updated values of front         and rear variables */ 
      hito = 0; 
      qsize--; 
      qpop(); 
      moveto(265,390); 
      bar(265,415,375,550); 
      outtextxy(270,400,"Front"); 
      outtextxy(350,400,"Rear"); 
      char fr[80]; 
      itoa(front,fr,10); 
      outtextxy(277,420,fr); 
      itoa(rear,fr,10); 
      outtextxy(357,420,fr); 
      /*--------------------------------------------------------*/ 
     } 
    } 
}while(ch[0]!='x'); 
} 
////////////////////////////END OF QUEUE FUNCTION/////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /*This function , pushes values in queue and displays pushed value  until required posiotion is not found*/void qpush() 
{ 
     int a=178 ,  b=425    ; 
     /*--------------------------------------------------------*//*These statements displayes values in box , that is to pushed*/ 
     moveto(178,447); 
     itoa(qarr[countp],qstring,10); 
     outtext(qstring); 
     delay(10); 
     bar(170,446,208,455); 
     itoa(qarr[countp+1],qstring,10); 
     moveto(178,447); 
     outtext(qstring); 
     /*--------------------------------------------------------*//*--------------------------------------------------------*//*This portion of statements displays and move value from values     box untill required rear box's row is not found*/ 
     moveto(a,b); 
     while(gety()!=qrow) 
     { 
         setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
         circle(a+6,b+3,12); 
         itoa(qarr[countp],qstring,10); 
         outtext(qstring); 
         delay(10); 
         setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
         bar(170 ,gety()-20 ,200 ,gety()+14); 
         moveto(a,b); 
         b--; 
     } 
     setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
     circle(a+6,b+3,9); 
     outtext(qstring); 
     moveto(125,b); 
     /*--------------------------------------------------------*//*--------------------------------------------------------*/// display arrow towards to rear box for(int j=0; j<6; j++) 
     { 
      outtext("®"); 
      delay(100); 
      setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
      bar(getx()-3 ,gety() ,getx() ,gety()+8); 
      delay(100); 
     } 
     /*--------------------------------------------------------*///remove last displyed arrow 
     delay(100); 
     setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
     bar(getx()-48 ,gety() ,getx() ,gety()+8); 
     delay(200); 
     /*--------------------------------------------------------*//*This portion of statements displays and move value from values     box untill required rear box's row is not found */while(getx()!=qx+60) 
     { 
         setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
         circle(a+6,b+3,9); 
         itoa(qarr[countp],qstring,10); 
         outtext(qstring); 
         delay(10); 
         setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
         bar(getx()-20 ,gety()-10 ,getx()+70 ,gety()+20); 
         moveto(a,b); 
         a--; 
     } 
    moveto(60,gety()); 
    outtext(qstring); 
      /*---------------------------------------------------------*/// to have cursor position in Last part of stack 
      countp++; 
      qrow = qrow-40; 
      if(front==-1 && rear==-1) 
      qrow =417; 
} 
////////////////////////////END OF QUEUE PUSH FUNCTION//////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /*This function pops value from queue and moves nad diplay values  to the value box*/void qpop() 
{ 
   int a=120,b=qy ; 
   //update no. of values that is poped 
   countp++; 
   /*---------------------------------------------------------------*///display arrow towards front box in queue 
   moveto(120,qy); 
   for(int j   =0 ;j<6 ; j++) 
    { 
           outtext("®"); 
           delay(100); 
           setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
           bar(getx()-3 ,gety() ,getx() ,gety()+8); 
           delay(100); 
    } 
   /*---------------------------------------------------------------*///remove last displayed arrow 
   delay(100); 
   setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
   bar(getx()-48 ,gety() ,getx() ,gety()+8); 
   delay(200); 
   moveto(60,gety()); 
   setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
   bar(getx()-10 ,gety()-3 ,getx()+20 ,gety()+8); 
   /*---------------------------------------------------------------*//*this loop displays and moves value that is to poped from front      box of queue and take it to values box's column */ 
   delay(500); 
    while(getx()!=178) 
     { 
         setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
         circle(a+6,b+3,12); 
         moveto(a,gety()); 
         itoa(qarr[counto],qstring,10); 
         outtext(qstring); 
         delay(10); 
         setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
         bar(getx()-25 ,gety()-10 ,getx()+30 ,gety()+20); 
         a++; 
     } 
   /*---------------------------------------------------------------*//* this loop displays and moves value that is to poped from front       box of queue and take it to values box's row */ 
   delay(1000); 
    while(gety()!=430) 
     { 
         setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
         circle(a+21,b+3,9); 
         moveto(178,b); 
         itoa(qarr[counto],qstring,10); 
         outtext(qstring); 
         delay(10); 
         setfillstyle(0, getmaxcolor()); 
         bar(getx()-30 ,gety()-10 ,getx()+20 ,gety()+9); 
         b++; 
     } 
   /*---------------------------------------------------------------*/// update value in box (that is poped value) 
     delay(10); 
     moveto(178,447); 
     bar(170,446,208,455); 
     counto; 
     moveto(178,447); 
     itoa(qarr[counto],qstring,10); 
     outtext(qstring); 
     counto++; 
     qy = qy - 40; 
     if(front==-1 && rear==-1  ) 
    { 
     qrow=qy=417; 
     counto=countp=0; 
    } 
   /*---------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
}