First, Sorting the single column only sorts the formulas and with
relative references, the formulas always refer to the unsorted cells.
It might help if you told us what your ultimate goal for the values
is. THere may be a way to accomplish your final goal without a macro.

You clearly want the *value* in the cell  and not another formula,
right? Your PasteSpecial>Values is what you want, but any formula  you
put in a cell remains a formula and the result is normally shown.

I believe this is not possible (automatically) without VBA.
HOWEVER...
This is s simple macro. Simply turn on the Macro recorder
(Tools > Macro) and pick a name (no spaces, use _ ), then do the
PasteSpecial>Values thing on the cells or column you want, then stop
the Macro recorder.
To run it Tools > Macro > Macros Select your Macro name.

If you want to see the code go into the VB Editor ((Tools>Macro).
You can eventually assign this Macro to a button right on the sheet
that will run the macro.