a. Select query and Action Query

The Simple Select Query creates queries that retrieve data from the fields you specify in one or more tables or queries. If you want, the wizard can also sum, count, and average values for groups of records or all records, and it can calculate the minimum or maximum value in a field.
The Action query is a query that makes changes to many records in just one operation. There are four types of action queries: delete, update, append, and make-table.
b. Database and Table

Table table
The fundamental structure of a relational database management system. In Microsoft Access, a table is an object that stores data in records (rows) and fields (columns). The data is usually about a particular category of things, such as employees or orders.
Data base
Relational Database are those where data is store in many cross referenced files to avoid duplication. They make it easier to find ,analyse, maintain and protect the data since it is held in one place.

c. Filter and Query
Filter : A set of criteria applied to data in order to show a subset of the data or to sort the data. In Microsoft Access, you can use a variety of ways to filter records, such as Filter By Selection , Filter By Form, Filter by Input and Advanced Filter\Sort.

Query : Queries help to select information from tables and queries for specific purpose. It select columns from records ,recordes from table/query. You can select, summarize, update, delete, make new table, append records to table using query.

Characteristics Filter Query
Enable you to add more tables if you want to include their records in the subset that's returned No Yes
Enable you to specify which fields you want to display in the results from the subset of records No Yes
Appear as a separate object in the Database window
No Yes
Can be used on a closed table, query, or form No Yes
Produce results that can be used as the source of data for a form or report Yes Yes
Can calculate sums, averages, counts, and other types of totals No Yes
Can sort records Yes Yes
Enable you to edit data if editing is otherwise allowed Yes Yes, depending on the type of query. You can also perform bulk updates with an update query.

d. Forms and reports

Report : A Microsoft Access database object that prints information formatted and organized according to your specifications. Examples of reports are sales summaries, phone lists, and mailing labels. Reports are static.
Form: A Microsoft Access database object on which you place controls for taking actions or for entering, displaying, and editing data in fields. Operations like searching ,sorting and filtering can be done in Forms. Forms are dynamic.

e. Form and Datasheet View
Form view

A window that usually displays one or more whole records. Form view is the primary means of adding and modifying data in tables.
To open a form in Form view, go to the Database window, click Forms under Objects, click the form you want to open, and then click Open on the Database window toolbar.
If the form is already open in Design view, you can switch to Form view by clicking View on the toolbar.

Datasheet view

A window that displays data from a table, form, query, view, or stored procedure in a row-and-column format. In Datasheet view, you can edit fields, add and delete data, and search for data.
To open a table, form, query, view, or stored procedure in Datasheet view, go to the Database window, click the type of database object under Objects, click the database object you want, and then click either Open or Design. (By default, forms open in Form view. To switch to Datasheet view in a form, click the arrow next to View on the toolbar.)
If the table, query, view, or stored procedure is already open, switch to Datasheet view by clicking View on the toolbar.